Philippines Thu le A Rolungpawl
Ting
HLei Thang
Philippines cu 15 million hectares kau a si ih
tikulh (islands) 7,107 le tikulh fate (islets) umnak Ram a si. Himi in
leitlunih tikulh ummi Ram tum bik ah a tuah. Tikulhpawl hi ṭhen thum ah ṭhen a
si. A tumbik tikulh cu Luzon, 141, 3945 square kilometers; Visayas, 56,606
square kilometers; le Mindanao, 102,000 square kilometers pawl an si. Adang
langsar deuh tikulhpawl tla cu Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte,
Cebu, Bohol le Masbate an si.
Nikhua
(Climate)
Philippines a hlum le daih hi a tlangpithu in 24
degrees Celsius ihsin 31 degrees Celsius a si. Nikhua hi kum khatah a
tlangpithu in vawihnih a thleng aw. November ihsin April tiang hi a sa/ro ih
May ihsin October tiang hi a dai deuh. Ruahpi hi a tlangpithu in 2,030
millimeters in a sur. Baguio khawpi lam ahcun nikhua 18.3 degrees Celsius a si.
Typhoons hi kumtin in a um ih cucu ruahpi sur tikcu hrawngah a si deuh bik.
Typhoons hi ziangltukin a pin, a khoh tivek cu kumtin a bangaw lo. Tahnak an
nei ih Singal levels 1, 2 le 3 tin an ṭhen. Atlangpithu in kum khat sungah
typhoons 25 hrawngin Philippines a nuai ringring. Philippines hi linghnin tawng
lo tuk tla a si lo. Philippines ih a nasabikmi linghnin cu 1990 lai ah a si.
7.7 Richter scale ih a hnin tikah inn le lo tampi a siatsuah ih mi tampi ih
nunak, ei le in harsatnak tiang a thlen phah.
Mipum
(Population)
21st Century ah Philippines mipum hi 77
million tiih zum a si. 60% cu khawte lamih um an si ih a dang 40% cu khawpi
sung um an si. Khawte lam hnakin khawpi lamah mipum a karh cak zetih kum khat
ah Metro Manila lawngah 4% mipum a karh. Kumpi/cozah in lamzinkap kutdawh le in
le lo neilopawl hrang nasaten a zuam rero lai. 1990 ah Philippine mipum hi 61.5
million a si ih, 2000 ah 76.5 million ah a kai ih a kai bet vivo zum a um. Cet
lam hnaṭuannakpawl khawpi sungih a tam vivo tikah khawpi sungum mipum a karh
vivo. Khawte hnakin khawpi um cu nuntukhawsak a san deuh ruangah a pantu an tam
sinsin.
Biaknak
(Religion)
Philippines ih biaknak lam 85% cu Roman Catholics an
si. Hi biaknak hi 16th Century lai ih Spanish colonizers ih ra lut
thawk a si. 95% Christian an si tikah Asian Ram hrekkhat hnak cun an tam.
Curuangah Philippines lawng hi Asia sungih Christian Ram tiih theihmi a si.
Philippine Danhrampi hi biaknak lamah a zalen zet ruangah Filipino zovek khalin
biaknak thu ah mai duhmi, mai zummi thlun theih a si, mimalzet Protestants le
Muslims pawl khalin duhtawkih an zumnak hmansuah theinak covo an nei.
Pehtlaihnak
(Communication)
Philippines hi nitin thuthang (daily newspapers) 20
hrawng a um. A tamsawn cu mirang (English) ih suah a si ih a dangpawl tla cu
Filipino, Chinese, le ṭawng dangih suah a si. Cui thuthangpawl lakah Manila Bulletin, Philippine Daily Inquirer, le the
Philippine Star pawl hi rampumhuap ih lar le siar bikmi an si. A dang thuthang
teneuh khal tam zet a um. Television networks lam khal tamzet a um ih cumi
lakih langsar bik tla cu ABS-CBN le GMA Network tla an si.
Vahsuahnak
(Transportation)
Philippines cu khawpi sung lamzin kau zet ve a si.
Vahsuksonak ah jeepneys le Buses pawl hi khaw sungah catloin a tlanih a man a
awl zet ruangah mi tampi in vahsuahnak ah an hmang. Khawsung feh tlangleng khal
a man a awl hleiah jeepneys, Buses le Taxi pawl vekin traffic a um lo ih a a
nuam zet, mi tam zetin an hmang. Taxi hi
a tam ve nan hngak a har deuh ṭheu. Hmun nai tete fehnak ahcun tricycles hman a
si. Vanzam ṭumnak (International Airport) hmunthum a um. Manila, Cebu le
Mindanao ah asi. Manila International Airport hi leitlun ramkip in vanzam ṭumnak
ih hmanmi a si ve. Minit 7 ah vanzam pakhat a kai ih a ṭum ringring. Electric
meisa lam khal a ṭha zet. An ram sungah hmun hla pipi tiang nahzi 24 sung mei
an pek ṭheh. Meisa 24 sung an ngah tikah nahzi 24 sung awnmi dawrpawl (E.g 7
Eleven, MacDonald, Jollibee, KFC) hmunkipah a um.
Ṭawng
(Language)
Philippines ah “official language” pahnih a um,
Filipino (Tagalog) le English a si. Filipino ṭawng hi ‘national language’ asi
ih hramthawk tlawng le secondary schools pawlah zir tengteng dingmi subject a
si. Filipino ṭawng timi cu Tagalog ih hrambunaw a si ih Metro Manila le a
kiangkap khawte ih hmanmi a si. An suahkeh ṭawng 70 kiangkap hrawng cu Malay ṭawngih
hrambun aw asi. Philippine mipum ṭhen-li ih ṭhen-thum tlukin mirang cu thiam
zetin an ṭawng thei. English cu pursumnak lam le cozah hnaṭuannak lamah hman
zet a si. Filipinos mimalte in Spanish le Chinese an hmang. Sapanish ṭawng hi
Philippines ahcun Spanish colonial san lai ihsin ṭawng lar a rak si lo.
Vawikhat lai ah Spanish ṭawng cu Philippine colleges
le universities ah zir dingmi subject ah telh asinan lehhnu ah cui daan cu an
thleng sal. Spanish ṭawng hi tutiang tlawng tampi ah zirdingmi (curricula) ah
ret asinan tlawngtapawlin an zir paih lo. English sawn hi American influence
hnuin ṭawng lar zetah a cang. American colonizers in ‘public school’ ih levels
zate ah English zirnak ding a din veten English cu fimthiamnak, pursumnak, le
kaihhruaiawknak lamih hmanmi ṭawngah a rung cang. Tuini ahcun Philippines cu
leitlunih English-ṭawng hmangbik ah a rung cang.
Ei-inhawlnak
(Economy)
Philippines hi, lo suak thlairawlpawl suahnak ram a
si ve. 48% cu lothlo, ngahawl asilole thingkung finkhawi lamih hnaṭuan, ei-in
hawl an si. 37% hrawng hi cetzung, fimthiamnak lam, cozah hnaṭuan, sii lam,
suahvahnak lam, pehtlaihawknak lam le sumpai lam hnaṭuan hmangih pumcawmaw le
hnaṭuan an si. 15% hrawng hi insak, leisungsuak thil lai, le cet lamih thilri
tuahnak lamih ṭuan an si.
Cozah/Kumpi
The Republic of the Philippines cu constitutional
democracy a si ih rampi ih lu bik cu President a si. President le Vice
President cu mipi ih hril asi ih kum-ruk terms a si. The national government
cun cangvaihnakah a maisinak thawi a bangawmi ṭek (braches) pathum a nei:
executive, legislative, le judicial a si.
Excutive ah President le a vuanci (Cabinet) a tel.
Senate le House of Representatives cun bicameral legislature a tuah. Supreme Court heads the systems of courts cu
judicial brach hnuaiah a si.
An danhrampi hi cozah ih unitary system le
unicameral legislature tilo cu an tuahdan le langdanpawl cu American model a
thlun. 1987 danhrampi ih Article 6 nak vek asile presidential system hi a hlan
vekah thleng theihsal a si. President cu mipi direct vote nak thawngin kum-ruk
sung hrangih an hrilmi a si ih lehhnu hrilawksalah hrilsal theih a si lo.
President ṭuantu ding nu or pa cu Philippines ih suak sinak citizen neitu a si
dingih kum 40 tlun a si ding. Cun hrilawknak a kim hlanih kum hra sung
ramsungih ummi a si ding.
Ralkap
(Armed Forces of the Philippines)
PHILIPPINES (Know and Appreciate Our Homeland) timi
cabu ih simdan vek asile Philippine in Ralkap 70,000 kiangkap sungtel a nei,
anzaten volunteers an si. Tidai lam (navy) ah 28,000 an si ih tlunvan lam (air
force) ah 16,800 volunteers an si. The Philippine National Police (hlanih Philippine
Constabulary) in 40,000 sungtel a nei.
Philippines
Rolungpawl
Spanish
San
20
SEPTEMBER 1519. Portuguese navigator Ferdinand
Magellan cu lawng (ships) panga le hnaṭuantupawl 240 thawn San Lucar ihsin
Moluccas ah a feh – Santiago, San Antonio, Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria.
17
MARCH 1521. Magellan cu ruahlopin archipelago
(Philippines ti ih theih dingmi) ah a thleng. Spanish zingzawitupawl cun kan
mah hi tikulhpawl (islands) ih um hmaisabiktu kan si lo timi an zir ngah.
31
MARCH 1521. Roman Catholic mibur tawnkhawmnak cu
Mazawa tikulh ah an tuah. Hrekkhat cun Limasawa ah an tuah tin an sim.
27
APRIL 1521. Magellan cu a mah thawi pehtlai tuk
lomi Lapu-Lapu le Zula tepawlih sungkaw buainakih a va tel ruangah Mactan ral
ah a thi.
13
FEBUARY 1565. General Miguel Lopez Legaspi ih
kaihhruaimi adang Sapanih zingzawitupawl cu Cebu ah an thleng ih Spain hrangih
tikulh (islands for Spain) tin an phuang.
1
JANUARY 1571. General Miguel Lopez de Legaspi cun
Cebu hmin a sak “La Villa del Santissimo Nombre de Jesus.”
3
JUNE 1571. Martin de Goiti cun Bangkusay
doawknakih Raha Sulayman a neh hnuah Manila a do.
24
JUNE 1571. Legaspi in Manila cu khawlipi ah a din
ih a mah le mah cu uktu bik (Governor-General) ah a tuah aw.
14
APRIL 1617. Juan Ronquillo ih sanah Playa-Homda
doawknakih British in Manila an do tumnak cu Spanish pawlin an rak kham.
3
OCTOBER 1646. Spanish pawlin British pawlcu Manila
ah an do ih an dawisuak. Cui nehnak hngilhlonakah tin tui ni ah “La Naval de
Manila” tin an ko.
5
OCTOBER 1762. British in Spanish a neh ih Ram sungah
kum hnih um theinak a pe.
17
MARCH 1764. Britain in kum sarih sung an lakih
doawknak a um hnuah kan sung a si an ti.
31
OCTOBER 1829. Philippines thuanthu ih a saubik
tharthawhnak/uprising (kum 85) cu an hruaitu Francisco Dagohoy ih surrender nak
thawn a cem.
20
JANUARY 1872. Puithiam Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos,
le Jacinto Zamora cu Spanish tharthawhsalnakih cangvaitupawl rak do ve dingih
rak fawrhtupawl an si tin puh an si.
15
FEBRUATY 1889. Graciano Lopez Jaena cun Spain pawlih
tharthawhnak hrangih an tumtah le ruahmipawl cu Philipinos in rak zum lo ding
tumtahnak thawn La Solidaridad
thuthang a din ih a suah.
18
SEPTEMBER 1891. Jose Rizal cun a hmaisa ih a nganmi
thuanthu “Noli Me Tangere” timi thlunin “El Filibusterismo” timi a ngan ṭheh. A
pahnih in Spanish kut hnuaiih um a harzia thu a si veve.
3
July 1892.
Rizal cun Philipino in ram sungah rammi ih covo co thei dingah,
tharthawhawksalnak ding le Spanish colonial kaihhruaiawknak/ukawknak ihsin luat
thei ding tumtahnak thawn “La Liga Filipina” timi a din.
7
JULY 1892. Rizal cu kaih a tuarih Ram sung um
thei nawn lo dingih dantat a si hnuah Mindanao ih Dapitan ah a um. Cutawkah
mina tuamhlawm, scientific research, le tlawng dinin a caan a hmang.
7
JULY 1892. Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, le
Teodoro Plat in Spain kutsung ihsin zalennak sualsuak ding tumtahnak thawn Katipunan an din.
19
AUGUST 1896. Spainiards cun Katipunan cangvaihnak a
theih ruangah Filipinos tampi a kai.
23
AUGUST 1896. Bonifacio le a phuaihpawl
(Katipuneros) cu an revolution hrangah “Philippines dam sau hram seh! Long live
the Philippines” timi an rak aupi. Cucu “Sigaw ng Pugadlawin” tin an ko.
25
AUGUST 1896. Bonifacio ih Filipino rebels le
Spanish civil guards le infantrymen lakih dinhmun a laknak thawngin Filipinos
tampi cu Spaniards thawi doawknak ruangah an nunnak an liam.
31
AUGUST 1896. Cavite ih Katipuneros cun San
Francisco de Malabon a do. Hi tikcu hrawngih doawknak hin Noveleta le Bakood
lam vekin Spanish ralkappawl tampi thawi remawklonak a suahpi.
12
SEPTEMBER 1896. Cavite ih mibur revolutionaries cun an
tumtahmi cu hlawhtlingin an tuah suak. Cucu tu ah “Los Trece Martires de
Cavite” (The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite) tin an ko.
23
APRIL 1897. Spanish uktu thar (governor-general)
Fernando Promo de Rivera, cu Manila a thleng.
15
DECEMBER 1897. Pedro Paterno le Primo de Rivera cun
Filipinos le Spaniards lakih a lang ralkah cawlhnak (temporary ceasefire)
lungkimnak “Truce of Biak-na-Bato” timi signed an ṭhu.
20 JANUARY 1898.
Filipinos le Spaniards lakah rinhlehawknak a suak ciamco sal ruangah Tarlac ih
Gen. Francisco Makabulos cun a lang cozah (provisional government) a din.
Rinhlelhnak ruangih thawngthlak le kaih tuar pawlin a langte ih ralkah cawlhnak
cu an duh lo ih an do. Himi in a vawihnihnak Spanish-American war a suahpi.
AMERICAN
SAN
15
February 1898. Spaniards in Havana, Cuba ah Maine
American ral a tho ih mi 246 an that.
25
APRIL 1898. United States in Spain ral kan tho tin
a than ih Commodore George Dewey in Spanish pawl, do ih dawisuak dingah thupek
a dawng.
1
MAY 1898. Manila Bay doawknak a suak. Himi hi
Spanish-American War lakih ral thawk-awknak hmaisa a si. Americans Dewey’s thupeknak
cun Admiral Patricio Montojo ih Sapanish pawl nasaten a siatsuah.
12
JUNE 1898. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
(Hongkong ihsin ra kirsaltu) in a umnak inpi Kawit, Cavite ihsin Philippines ih
zalennak a phuang.
13
AUGUST 1898. Americans le Spaniards lakah doawknak
a um sal. Aguinaldo ih hruaimi Filipino pawl cun an hrial. Lehhnu ahcun Manila
cu Sapain ihsin US ah a pe lut aw.
10
December 1898. Paris lungkimnak cachuk (The Treaty of
Paris) cu thurelkhawmnak umloin Filipinos pawl thawn hminṭhut (signed) a si. Hi
lungkimnak hnuaiah Spain in Philippines cu (Puerto Rico le Guam telin) US
hnenah $ 20 million hrangah a pek lut.
23
JANUARY 1899. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo cu Philippine
rampi ih president si dingah a kam aw. Malolos danhrampi khal democracy le
sovereignty lungkimpitu mipi hmaiah siar a si.
4
FEBRUARY 1899. Zalennak hrangih Philippine Ralpi cu a
thawk zo vekin a hnu kum hnih ah cem ding a si. United States cun Philippines
neh dingah ralkap 126,000 a ṭul. Cui Ralpi cun American mi 4,234 le Filipinos
16,000 pawlih nunnak cu a lak phah. Cui Ralpi cun nasa zetin mi a siatsuah ih
minung 200,000 hrawng cu ei-inn ding neilole hliamhma natnak phunkim tuarin an
thi.
5
JUNE 1899. Gen. Antonio Luna cu
Kawit company ralkappawl hmangin Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija ah thah a si.
2
DECEMBER 1900. Gregorio del Pilar cu Pasong Tirad
(Tirad Pass) ih American pawl donakah a thi.
23
MARCH 1901. Aguinaldo cu Col. Frederick Funstonih
hohami Amiricans pawl hmangin le Palan, Isabela ih Filipinos hrekkhatpawlih
bawmnak thawngin kaih a si. Amah cu US duh ding le US hrangih rinum dingin
thlem a si ih a ralkappawl khal US hnenih peawlut dingin kawhfial a si.
28
SEPTEMBER 1901. Balangiga mibur thihnak a thleng.
Filipinos in American ralkap cu Balangiga, Samar ah nam lawng rori hmangin an
that ciamco. Kum hra a rei hnuah Americans cun Filipino thahnak le khawpi
urkangsaknak thawn a leh rul sal.
16
OCTOBER 1907. A vawi khatnak Philippine Assembly
awnnak puai cu Manila grand Opera House ah an tuah. Sergio Osmena cu Speaker ah
hril asi ih Manuel L. Quezon cu hruaitu bikah hril a si.
18
JUNE 1908. 1870 cangvaihnak hnuaiah a hmaisabik
Philippines University cu Ram sungih a
hmai sabik vantlang tlawng (first public university) ah din a si. Murray
Bartlett cu cui tlawngih a hmaisabik President asi ih Ignacio Villamor cu
Filipino President hmaisabik a si.
13
OCTOBER 1913.
The Underwood-Simons Tariff Daan
cun United States le Philippines lakih pehtlaihawknak a awn miin rahsuah a nei.
6
OCTOBER 1913. Francis Burton Harrison in Philippines
ih American governor William Forbes a sawng.
29
AUGUST 1916. Jones daan cu hminṭhut (signed) a si.
Himi in Philippine cu US hnen ihsin zalennak ngah ding cu thu a tiamih
Philippine daan hrampi um theinak ding khal a si.
26
AUGUST 1930. Crisanto Evangelista in Communist Party
of the Philippines (CPP) a din.
7
DECEMBER 1933. Philippines ih a netabik American
Govenor, Frank Murphy in Filipino nunau pawl cu vote thlak theinak covo a pe.
24
MARCH 1934. President Franklin Roosevelt
inTydings-McDuffie cangvaihnak, danhrampi tuah san theinak (drafting of the
Philippines Constitution), kum hra sungih mahte ukawknak tuah ding, le
Philippines zalennak hrang lungkim ding hmin a ṭhu (signed).
23
MARCH 1935. President Roosevelt cun new Republic
hrangih danhrampi ah mipilungkimnak laknak (plebiscite) a lungkim sak. Cui
Constituitional Convention cu Claro M. Recto in a hruai. Philippine Danhrampi a
tamsawn cu American constitution hnuih nganmi a si.
12
MAY 1935. Benigno Ramos ih hohami ramhuap
lothlopawl cangvaihnak, Sakdalistas cun Philippins mahte ukawknak tuah dingmi
cu a duh lo.
18
SEPTEMBER 1935. Manuel L. Quezon le Sergio Osmena cu
mahte ukawknakih President le Vice President ah hril an si.
JAPANESE
SAN
7
December 1941. Japanese in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii ih um
US ralkap cu bomb a thlak. Pearl Harbor bomb a thlak hnu nahzi 10 ah Japan in
Philippines do a thawk.
25
DECEMBER 1941. General Douglas MacArthur in Manila cu
a thiangmi khawpi (Open City) tin a than nan Japanese pawl cun bomb an thlak
rero thotho.
29
MARCH 1942. Luis Taruc in anti-Japanese guerilla
cangvaihnak Hukblahap (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon) a din.
9
APRIL 1942. Hi ni ah Bataan tlaksiatnak (Fall of
Bataan) le zahthlakza “Death March” timi a thleng. Minung 76,000 hrawng cu
ei-inn ding neilo le damloin an um. American le Filipino ralkappawl cu Bataan
ih Japanese hnenah an pe lut aw (surrendered). Japanese in a uk tikah Mariveles
ihsin a ti duhdat zet, Bataan ihsin Capas, Tarlac ih Camp O’Donnell ah. Cutin
ralkap 7,000 ihsin 10,000 pawlih nunak cu ni-hra sung ih an vahsuksonakah a
liam phah. Cui ralkap rinum le ralṭhapawl hngilhlonakah tiah tuini ah Day of
Valor (Araw ng Kagitingan) tin an hmang.
6
MAY 1942. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright kaihhruainak
hnui Filipino-American mibur ih a netabik US kilkhawimi Corregidor cu Japanese
Imperial forces ih Gen. Homman kuthnuaiah a tla.
25
SEPTEMBER 1943. Philippine Assembly awknakpui cu
President Jose P. Laurel le Benigno Aquino Sr. le Vice Presidents Ramon
Avancena thawn hman a si.
24
OCTOBER 1944. Leyte Gulf doawknak cu hi ni ah a suak.
2
SEPTEMBER 1945. Netabik ahcun Japan cu Pacific ih an
doawk hnuin Americans kutah a pe lut aw (surrendered). Sal dinhmun ihsin luat
ve dingah Filipino a million tel cu ral ah an lut. American ralkap 60,000
lenglo an thi ih Japanese 300,000 kiangkap hrawng an hlo.
REPUBLIC
OF THE PHILIPPINES
30
APRIL 1946. Tydings Rehabilitation Act cu signed a
si. Americans cu bangranih zalennak ngah ding le Philippines ih leiram
thilsuakpawl hman theihnak hrang siannak pek a si.
4
JULY 1946. Manuel Roxas cu Philippines Rampi ih a
hmaisabik President a rung si.
14
MARCH 1947. Treaty of General Relations cu signed
a si ih US ralkap-pawl cu kum 99 sung Philippines ih um dingin sian a si.
17
APRIL 1948. Elpidio Quirino, lehhnu ih thinlung lam
natnak (heart attack) ih thi in Republic President sinak cu Manuel Roxas a run
neh.
10
NOVEMBER 1953. Ramon Magsaysay cu President ah hril
asi ih Carlos P. Garcia cu Vice President ah hril a si.
17
MAY 1954. Hukbalahap hruaitu Luis Taruc cu cozah
(government) ah a pelutaw (surrendered).
8
SEPTEMBER 1955. Laurel-Langley Agreement in Bell Trade
Act a remṭhatnak cu Philippine-American Cozah in a lungkimpi.
17
MARCH 1957. President Ramon Magsaysay cu
Manunggal, Cebu ih vanzam siatnak ruangah a thi.
11
NOVEMBER 1961. Diosdado Macapagal in President
hrilawknak ah nehnak a co ih President Carlos P. Garcia ih dinhmun a sawng.
12
MAY 1962. Zung hnaṭuan a kaih hnu reilote ah
President Macapagal cun July 4 sinawnloin June 12 sawn hi Philippines Ram pumpi
ih Zalennak puai tuahni (National Holiday) dingin thu a suah. 1898 ih a
hmaisabik Philippine zalennak thu rak tlang-autu Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo cu June
12, 1962 ih a hmaisabik Philippine Independence Day puaipi hmannak ah khual upa
a si.
8
AUGUST 1963. President Macapagal signed the
Agricultural Land Reform Code.
9
NOVEMBER 1965. Ferdinand Marcos cu a vawi 6 nak
President ah hril a si. Marcos hin mipi hrangih ṭulmi lamzin, hardamnak
centers, tlawng, lilawn le khawpi mawinak tampi a tuah.
8
AUGUST 1967. The Association of Southeast Asian
Nation (ASEAN) cu Manila ih meeting neih hnu ah din a si.
20
JULY 1968. Gloria Diaz cu Miami Beach, Florida,
USA ih leitlun mimawi zuamawknak (Miss Universe) ah apakhatnak a ngah. Himi hi
Philippines ihsin a hmaisabik leitlun mimawi ngahtu a si.
26
DECEMBER 1968. Jose Ma. Sison in the Communist Party
of the Philippines (CPP) cu Stalinist-Maoist political party vekin a din sal.
11
NOVEMBER 1969. Marcos cu President ah hril sal a si.
1
JUNE 1971. Danhrampi hrang rorelnak
(Constitutional Convention) cu Carlos P. Garcia khal President asi vekin a mah
thawn tuah a si.
21
AUGUST 1971. Liberal Party ih ramthukhel an tuah
rero laiah Plaza Miranda ah bomb a puak. Ruahlopin mi 100 lenglo in hliam an
tuarih 10 an thi. Cumi hliam tuar lakah senator Jovito salonga le Ramon Mitra (
House Speaker rung si ding) mi tla an tel. Cui canah Senator Benigno Aquino Jr.
ih mipi le Liberal Party cu an ṭhang cak zet lai caan a si. Marcos in bomb puak
thu ah communists pawl a ring hlel.
21
SEPTEMBER 1972. Marcos in ralkap thawi pehparmi daan
(martial law) cu No. 1081 simthanmi hnuaiah theihternak a tuah.
25
SEPTEMBER 1977. Benigno Aquino Jr. cu cozah ralkap
kutih thi dingin zum asi nan thawngtla sal dingah mipi auaw cun lo theihloin
Marcos ih kaihhruainak cu an do.
30
JANUARY 1980. UNIDO political party cu Salvador
Laurel, Marcos ih party a luh in din a si.
17
JANUARY 1981. Martial law cu kum-kua hnu ah a
cemral.
16
JUNE 1981. Hrilawknak thar tuah a si. Marcos in
lehhnu kum-ruk sung President ṭuan hrih dingin nehnak a co lala.
21
AUGUST 1983. Benigno Aquino Jr. cu Boston, USA
ihsin a ra tlungih Manila International Airport a thleng ah kah that a si.
Rolando Galman hi a kaptu tiih theihmi cu asinan cui phenah ralkap lam rinhlehnak
thu phunphun a um. Cui airport cu tuah cun Ninoy Aquino International Airport
tiah kawh a si.
31
AUGUST 1983. Ninoy Aquino ih ruak cu Filipinos million hnih
lenglo in vuinak an nei.
2
DECEMBER 1985. General Fabian Ver le a dang 25 cu
Aquino ih thih thuthawn pehparin an mahpawl ih tawlrelmi a si ti fiangten an
hmusuak.
23
JANUARY 1986. The New York Times in Ferdinand Marcos
ih ralnehnak tacik (war medals) cu a lem a si tin a phuang.
7
FEBRUARY 1986. Marcos in “snap” hrilawknak a tuah.
Mipi tamsawn duhnak coin ka neh sal dingih ka uknak cu danthianghlim
(legitimacy) vekah a cang sal ding tin a ruat. Cui laiah mipi duhnak rak suttu
mi sawm-thum thah an si. Cule diklozetih hrilawknak le dotu tampi nei cingin
amah cu nehtu tin thu a than ter.
16
FEBRUARY 1986. The National Assembly Marcos ih
mithmai zohnakah hrilawknak a than sal. Rampi hrangih dodaltupawlin Prisident
sinak cu an congah a si ti theihttheihnak ah Benigno Aquino ih nupi, Corazon
(Marcos dotu) cu an relh nak ihsin mipi hmaiah hruai an si.
22
FEBRUARY 1986. Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile le
Vice Chief of Staff, Lieutenant Gen. Fidel V. Ramos cun Marcos cu a hnaṭuan a
bansan duhnak ding lemnak ah Camp Aguinaldo ah Ministry of Defense an tuah.
23
FEBRUARY 1986. American Secretary of State George
Shultz in Washington ih Philippine Ambassador hnenah Marcos hi a hnaṭuannakin a
cawlh lo asile Philippines cu ramsung buainak (civil war) in nan thi thluh ding
tin thurawn a pe. Hi EDSA mibur doawknak ahhin Filipino minung tamsawn cun
Enrile le Ramos hi an duh.
25
FEBRUARY 1986. Chief Justice Claudio Teehankee cun
Corazon Aquino cu President a si tin le Salvador Laurel cu Vice President an si
tin a phuang. Himi a phuan tikcu hi EDSA Revolution asilole “People Power I”
hngihlonak an tuahnak puaipi ah a si.
26
FEBRUARY 1986. Marcos le a sungkua cu Ramsung
ihsin American plane thawn Guam, cuihnuah Hawaii lamah an tlan.
2
FEBUARY 1987. Danhrampi thar nemhnget a si.
20
DECEMBER 1987. Mipi phurtu MV Dona Paz lawngpi a
cangsual ih minung 4,000 lenglo an thi. Himi hi Philippines thuanthu ih tidai
lam cangsualnakih nasabik a si.
17
OCTOBER 1988. Secretary Raul Manglapus le US
Secretary George Shultz cu US cozah in a ralkappawl Philippines ah kum hnih
umterbet ding siannak hrang lungkimnak an tuah.
16
JULY 1990. 7.8 intensity cakin Central Luzon ah
ling a hni ih thil le ri tampi a siat suah ih an thi. Baguio, Cabanatuan le
Dagupan khawpi ih lilawn le thil dang tampi a siatsuah.
12
JUNE 1991. Kum 600 lenglo daite ih a um hnuah Mt.
Pinatubo a suak salih Central Luzon ih mi tampi cu inn le lo, ei ding neilo in
an um.
27
AUGUST 1991. Philippines le US cu ralkappawl
kum-hra um bet hrih dingin The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation le Security pawl
singed an tuah.
11
MAY 1992. Aquino ih Defense of Secretary, Fidel
V. Ramos cu President ah hril asi ih Senator Joseph Estrada cu Vice President
ah hril a si.
11
SEPTEMBER 1993. Hlanih dictator a tangmi le president
Ferdinand E. Marcos cu Batac, Ilocos Norte ah phum an si.
11
MAY 1998. Vice President Joseph Estrada cu the
second democratic presidential election ah nehnak a co. Senator Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo in Vice President tohkham a ngah.
13
NOVEMBER 2000. President Joseph Estrada cu zung ah
hek a tawng. Ilocos Sur Govenor Luis Singson cu cui thubuai (nawhthuh ei tiih
puhnak) ah president theihpitu ah a um.
20
JANUARY 2001. Estrada kaihhruainak duloin EDSA ah
Filipinos minung 50,000 lenglo in lam an zawh.
Holiday
and Festival
1
JANUARY: New Year’s Day
6
JANUARY OR 1st SUNDAY: Three Kings Day
14
FEBRUARY: St. Valentine’s Day
MARCH/APRIL:
Holy Week
9
APRIL: Bataan Day
1
MAY: LABOR DAY
12
JUNE: Independence Day
4
JULY: Filipino-American Friendship Day
26
AUGUST: Cry of Balintawak
2nd
SUNDAY: La Nacal de Manila
1
NOVEMBER: All Saints Day
2
NOVEMBER: All Souls Day
30
NOVEMBER: National Heroes’ Day
25
DECEMBER: Christmas Day
30
DECEMBER: Rizal Day
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