Morpheme, Clitics le Affixes

H. Sui

Calai lam le cangandan lam hliakhlaitu pawl,

Morpheme (thufang), Clitic (belhbawmtu) le Affix (bettu), thu pawl, Kan Chinca ih kan neihdan le kan hmandan pawl, Linguistic le grammar zawngih ngandan pawl ka ron tarlang. Thatein rak siar in na hmuhdan rak tarlang ve dingin ka lo sawm hai. 

Morpheme, Clitics le Affixes

Morpheme :  A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language.

Morpheme cu tong sungah cakalhmang ( grammar ) zawngin sullam ( tican ) nei theimi thufang ( thuhlom ) a si.Tathimnak ah vamzamleng timi tongfang ah thufang (morpheme ) pathum a um. van zam leng tin kan then tikah an zatein cakalhmang (grammar ) zawngin sullam an nei thluh. Hih van zam leng hi aw pakhat cio a suah ruangah awfang ( syllable ) pathum, ti khal in rel theih a si.

Cun bokbawnkung (bokbawn kung ) timi tongfang ah bok bawn kung tin awfang (syllables)  pathum a suak nain bokbawn kung tin thufang (morpheme ) pahnih lawng a um. bok le bawn hi cakalhmang umdan ( grammatically ) in then theih a si lo. Kan then le aw a suak ko nain sullam nei lo tongfang ah a suak. Pekcopmi timi tongfang ah pek cop mi tin morpheme pathum a um.

Cumi Morphemes sungah Clitics le Affixes an um.

Clitics : A clitic is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but shows evidence of being phonologically bound to another word.

  Phonologically bound but syntactically free

  Function at phrase or clause level

  Belong to closed classes like pronouns, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and conjunctions

  Usually attach to the edges of words, outside of derivational and inflectional affixes

A clitic is a morpheme that is grammatically independent,

but phonologically dependent on another word or phrase. It is pronounced like an affix, but works at the phrase level.

Mirangca thiam pawl in nan rak ruah ve dingah Mirangca ih an ngan vekin ka tarlang. 

Kan theih dingih a thupimi cu clitic cu a awsuakdan (a thuhla) ah a kiangih tongfang thawn a kopaw nain a ngandan ah a kopaw ringring lo. Kan Chinca ah "a, ka, in, ih, pawl,....." an si thei.

tt.* a tha, a thaw, a mawi,...... a + Fiangtertu ( Adjective ) pawl ah a hi tel a tul nain tong kalhmang (parts of speech) zawmgin umzia a nei lo.  amah hi famkimtertu men fang a si ih Chin Cakalhmang ahcun Kimtertu ( articles, particles or clitics ) ti a si.

* "Keimah in ka tuah" timi catluan ah ka hi tong kalhmang zawngin umzia a nei ve lo ih Chin Ca Kalhmang ahcun Kimtertu ti a si.

* Pathian in, Keimah in, Zawl Tling in, kan ti tikah in hi clitic a si kan ti thei. Chin Ca Kalhmang ahcun hih zawn ih in hi Tuahtu Khihhmuhtu ti a si.

* Ka pa ih, Hlawn Dawh Thang ih, Zawhte ih hmul, ti pawl ah ih hi clitic kan ti thei. Chin Ca Kalhmang ahcun Neitu Khihhmuhtu ti a si.

* Kiosa pawl, zumtu pawl, u le nau pawl, ti kan ngan ih pawl hi clitic kan ti thei. 

Hih calitic pawl hi a kiangkap ih tongfang thawn ngankom tengteng ding ti a si lo. Leitlun tong dangdang kan zoh sile kom ih ngan le kom lo ih ngan an um.

Cun kan rel zo vekin clitic cu Hminsawng (Pronoun ),Khihhmuhtu ( Pre or postposition ), Bawmtu Tuahrel ( Auxiliary verbs ) le Pehzomtu ( Conjunctions ) thawn a naiaw zet ti a si . (Belong to closed classes like pronouns, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and conjunctions). Kan Chin Ca Kalhmang  ahcun Langtertu ( Adverbs ) thawn khal a rak naiaw zet.

Affixes : Hihi kan Chin cangandan ahcun “bettu” tiin kan ti ih “Prefix” kha “Hmaibet”, “Suffix” kha “Dungbet” tiin kan ti. Himi dungbet le hmaibet pawl hi anmahtein ngan loin a hmaiih Tuahrel (verb) le Fiangtertu (Adjective) pawl thawn kom ih nganbet tikah sullam nei tongfang thar a suak ih cucun cakalhmang zawngin khal sullam a nei thotho. Cakalhmang zawngin sullam a thleng aw thei.

Zumnak, mifim, duhdawtu, mangbangza, ..... pawl ah nak, mi, tu, za, .... kan nganmi pawl hi kom ih ngan tul in kan pom cio. Curuangah hi pawl hi morpheme an si ve ih clitic siloin affix an si thei.

tuahcop, thihsan, peksak, ....... ti pawl khal ah cop, san, sak, .....pawl hi anmahte ding loin a hmaiih Tuahrel ( verb ) pawl thawn kom tengteng tul ih kan hmuh ahcun suffix an si thei.

Kan theih tulmi cu morpheme a si ruangah kom ding ti si loin clitic a si le a thuhla cun a komaw nain ngandan ah kom ding le kom lo ding khal a si thei ih affix a si ahcun a kiang ih tongfang thawn kom tengteng ding tinak a si. 

H.Sui